Quarterly Banking Report
Quarterly US Banking Report, Q1 2025
This edition compares the 4,190 US banks that filed call reports for both March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025. Because the same banks sit on both sides of every comparison, a merger, a failure or a new charter cannot pass for growth or decline. Every figure below is computed from FFIEC call report data.
Key findings
-
Balance sheet growth
Across the 4,190 banks that filed call reports for both March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, total assets rose 3.0% to $23.8 trillion, deposits rose 3.1% to $18.8 trillion and loans and leases rose 3.9% to $12.2 trillion (FFIEC call reports, Q1 2025). Counting every filer in each quarter, including banks that merged away or failed during the year, total assets rose 2.4% to $24.6 trillion.
Largest banks by total assets · Largest banks by deposits · Loan growth rate defined
-
Earnings
Net income for the quarter was $67.8 billion, up 9.1% from a year earlier. Return on assets for the panel was 1.15% in Q1 2025, up 7 basis points from 1.08% a year earlier, and net interest margin was 3.13%, up 6 basis points from 3.07% a year earlier (FFIEC call reports, quarter ended March 31, 2025).
Banks with the highest ROA · Banks with the highest NIM · Net interest margin defined
-
Breadth of earnings
Return on assets rose by more than 5 basis points at 59% of the 4,188 banks that reported it in both years and fell by more than 5 basis points at 29%, while net interest margin widened at 70% and narrowed at 21% (FFIEC call reports, Q1 2025 against Q1 2024).
-
Asset quality
Noncurrent loans (90 days or more past due plus nonaccrual) were 0.98% of total loans at March 31, 2025, up 6 basis points from 0.92% a year earlier (FFIEC call reports). The ratio was lower at 30% of banks and higher at 41%, with the rest within 5 basis points.
Banks with the highest noncurrent loan ratio · Nonperforming loan ratio defined
-
Commercial real estate and capital
Commercial real estate concentration loans (construction, multifamily, nonowner-occupied nonfarm nonresidential and unsecured CRE) equaled 99.8% of tier 1 capital plus the allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2025, down 2.1 points from 101.9% a year earlier (FFIEC call reports). The common equity tier 1 ratio of risk-based filers was 14.31%, up 28 basis points from 14.03% a year earlier.
CRE concentration defined · Banks with the lowest CET1 ratio · CET1 ratio defined
-
By bank size
Asset growth ran from 2.1% at the 32 banks that held $100 billion or more in assets a year earlier to 6.5% at the 615 banks that held under $100 million in assets (FFIEC call reports, Q1 2025).
-
Failures and mergers
1 FDIC-insured bank failed and 16 banks were acquired in Q1 2025 (FDIC failure list and Federal Reserve structure data). 4,519 banks filed call reports for the quarter, 104 fewer than a year earlier.
The panel, year over year
| Measure | Q1 2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|
| Total assets | $23.8 trillion | +3.0% |
| Total deposits | $18.8 trillion | +3.1% |
| Total loans and leases | $12.2 trillion | +3.9% |
| Net income, quarter | $67.8 billion | +9.1% |
| Equity capital to assets | 10.06% | +41 bp |
| Return on assets (annualized) | 1.15% | +7 bp |
| Net interest margin | 3.13% | +6 bp |
| Noncurrent loans to total loans | 0.98% | +6 bp |
| CRE concentration loans to tier 1 capital plus ACL | 99.76% | -212 bp |
| CET1 ratio (risk-based filers) | 14.31% | +28 bp |
By bank size
Banks are grouped by total assets one year earlier, so a bank that grew past a threshold does not flatter the larger group.
| Assets a year earlier | Banks | Asset growth | ROA | Noncurrent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under $100M | 615 | +6.5% | 0.93% | 0.96% |
| $100M to $1B | 2,648 | +5.6% | 1.14% | 0.71% |
| $1B to $10B | 786 | +5.9% | 1.10% | 0.79% |
| $10B to $100B | 109 | +5.5% | 1.08% | 1.03% |
| $100B and over | 32 | +2.1% | 1.17% | 1.04% |
Breadth: how many banks improved
A system-wide figure can hold steady while many banks move the other way, because the largest banks dominate the totals. This table counts banks. A ratio counts as unchanged when it moved by 5 basis points or less.
Improved Unchanged Worsened. The figure at right is improved / worsened.
| Measure | Improved | Worsened |
|---|---|---|
| Return on assets | 2,479 (59%) | 1,214 (29%) |
| Net interest margin | 2,925 (70%) | 869 (21%) |
| Noncurrent loan ratio | 1,252 (30%) | 1,695 (41%) |
| CET1 ratio | 1,447 (58%) | 946 (38%) |
| Loans and leases | 3,293 (79%) | 864 (21%) |
| Deposits | 3,325 (79%) | 844 (20%) |
Failures and mergers
| Measure | Banks |
|---|---|
| Banks filing a call report, Q1 2025 | 4,519 |
| Banks filing a call report, Q1 2024 | 4,623 |
| Change over the year | -104 |
| Bank failures in Q1 2025 | 1 |
| Banks acquired in Q1 2025 | 16 |
| Bank failures, 12 months to quarter end | 3 |
| Banks acquired, 12 months to quarter end | 62 |
Browse the record: bank failures and mergers in 2025, mergers in 2025 and the full events archive.
Download the data
Dollar columns are thousands of dollars as filed. Ratios are percent. The files are free to use with attribution.
How to cite this report
Link to this edition's address, which does not change: https://www.bankregreports.com/reports/quarterly/2025-q1/
Methodology
- Source
- Quarterly Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income (call reports) filed with the FFIEC, as standardized by BankRegReports. Failures come from the FDIC failed bank list and mergers from the Federal Reserve's structure data. The methodology page describes how the data is standardized.
- Panel
- Banks with deposits that filed a call report for both March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024. Closed charters and the trust-only and credit-card-only charter classes are left out because their ratios are not comparable. The panel holds 4,190 of the 4,519 banks that filed for March 31, 2025. A bank that acquired another stays in the panel, and the acquired assets count as its growth: acquisitions are not stripped out, which is why panel growth in assets runs above growth in the industry total, shown in the first finding.
- Quarter
- An edition appears once the filer count for the quarter reaches 90 percent of the previous quarter's, so an early trickle of filings never stands in for the industry.
- Size cohorts
- Groups on total assets one year earlier: Under $100M; $100M to $1B; $1B to $10B; $10B to $100B; $100B and over.
- Dollar totals
- Sums across panel banks. Growth is the change in the sum between the two quarters.
- Return on assets
- Each bank's quarterly net income, annualized, over its average assets, averaged across banks with weights equal to total assets at quarter end. It is the quarter's own result, not a year-to-date figure.
- Net interest margin
- Each bank's annualized net interest income over average earning assets, averaged across banks with weights equal to average earning assets.
- Noncurrent loans
- Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing plus loans on nonaccrual, as a share of total loans, taken as a ratio of sums.
- CRE concentration
- Construction, multifamily, nonowner-occupied nonfarm nonresidential and unsecured commercial real estate loans, as a share of tier 1 capital plus the allowance for credit losses, taken as a ratio of sums. This is the supervisory concentration definition, not total real estate lending.
- Capital
- The common equity tier 1 ratio is weighted by risk-weighted assets and covers banks that file risk-weighted assets; banks on the community bank leverage ratio framework are not in that figure. Equity capital to assets covers every bank.
- Out-of-range values
- A bank whose ratio is flagged as outside a plausible range is left out of that ratio for the quarter in which it is flagged, and the count of banks behind each figure is shown beside it.
- Breadth
- Each bank is compared with itself a year earlier. A ratio that moved by 5 basis points or less counts as unchanged; loans and deposits count as improved when they are higher than a year earlier.
- Limits
- These are descriptive statistics from regulatory filings, not a rating of any bank and not investment advice. A late or amended filing can move a figure after publication.
Editions and related pages
Explore more: all rankings · browse all banks · bank events