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Insights

Insights, analysis, and field notes.

Guides on banking data, walkthroughs of FFIEC and UBPR metrics, and commentary on what's moving inside the call report filings.

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Listen: Banking on Data

The same analysis, for your commute — FFIEC call report data, UBPR metrics, and regulatory trends, in plain English.

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Unrealized Losses on Bank Securities (AFS & HTM): What the Numbers Hide

At year-end 2025, U.S. banks were sitting on **$306.1 billion** in unrealized losses on investment securities. That number is down from the 2022–2023 peak, …

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Bank Peer Group Analysis: A Practical Guide

Tell someone a bank has a 3.5% [net interest margin](https://www.bankregreports.com/blog/what-is-net-interest-margin/) and you have told them almost nothing. Is that good? Depends entirely on whether …

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Nonperforming Loans and the NPL Ratio: What the Number Actually Tells You

At the peak of the 2008 credit cycle, the industry-wide noncurrent loan rate hit 5.4% — nearly one in twenty loan dollars had stopped …

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What Is the Net Charge-Off Rate? A Bank Credit Guide

In the fourth quarter of 2009, the net charge-off rate for U.S. commercial banks hit 3.0% annualized — a level that would be catastrophic …

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The Largest Banks in America by Assets (2026)

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. alone holds more assets than the entire U.S. banking system did in 1995. That single figure — over $4 trillion …

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Bank Stress Testing Explained: DFAST, CCAR, and What the Scenarios Actually Test

In the Fed's 2023 stress test, the severely adverse scenario assumed unemployment climbing to 10%, commercial real estate prices dropping 40%, and a broad …

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What Is the FR Y-9C? A Practitioner's Guide to Holding Company Reports

Pull up JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on the FFIEC call report and you see a $3.4 trillion institution. Pull up JPMorgan Chase & Co. …

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What Is the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio? A Bank Guide

Three banks failed in 2023 with loan-to-deposit ratios that looked fine on the surface. The ratio was not their problem — their deposit composition …

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ROA vs. ROE for Banks: Profitability Ratios Explained

The FDIC reported an aggregate industry ROA of 1.24% for Q4 2025. In that same quarter, dozens of community banks posted ROE well above …

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