Bank History
US Bank Events: Failures, Mergers & Enforcement
Every FDIC-insured bank failure, merger or acquisition involving a bank, credit union or bank holding company, regulatory enforcement action, and FDIC open-bank assistance transaction on record: 57,940 events spanning 1934 through 2026.
For every merger and acquisition on record, by year and by acquirer, see the bank mergers and acquisitions list.
3,526
Failures
FDIC-insured, since 1934
41,157
Mergers & Acquisitions
Federal Reserve NIC, banking organizations
12,664
Enforcement Actions
OCC, FDIC, FRB, OTS and SEC 8-K filings
593
Open-Bank Assistance
FDIC failed-bank list, bank stayed open
Browse by event category
US Bank Failures
Every FDIC-insured bank failure since 1934, sourced from the FDIC's failed-bank list. Each event includes the bank name, FDIC certificate, headquarters city/state, closing date, failed assets, deposits at closing, the FDIC's estimated loss to the Deposit Insurance Fund, and the acquiring institution.
Bank Mergers & Acquisitions
Every merger, acquisition, or consolidation captured in the Federal Reserve's National Information Center (NIC) in which a bank, credit union, or bank holding company is on at least one side. Each event links the predecessor institution to the surviving acquirer with the effective date.
Bank Enforcement Actions
Public regulatory enforcement actions against US banks and individuals issued by the OCC, FDIC, Federal Reserve, and the Office of Thrift Supervision (legacy), plus agreements and orders that public companies disclosed in SEC Form 8-K filings. Coverage is strongest for OCC / OTS actions from 1989–2011; current-year actions reflect publicly-disclosed bulletins from each regulator.
FDIC Open-Bank Assistance
FDIC open-bank assistance, transactions where the agency provided support to keep an institution operating rather than resolving it through closure. These rows come from the FDIC failed-bank list, where the FDIC files them next to failures; this site does not count them as failures.
Most recent failures
| Date | Bank | Assets |
|---|---|---|
| Sep 25, 2026 | Nano Banc | $736.2M |
| Aug 21, 2026 | Tioga-Franklin Savings Bank | $68.4M |
| Jul 17, 2026 | Small Business Bank | $72.9M |
| Jul 10, 2026 | Kentland FS&LA | $3.8M |
| May 1, 2026 | Community Bank and Trust - West Georgia | $305.7M |
| Jan 30, 2026 | Metropolitan Capital B&T | $261.2M |
| Jun 27, 2025 | Santa Anna National Bank | $76.9M |
| Jan 17, 2025 | Pulaski Savings Bank | $49.5M |
| Oct 18, 2024 | First NB of Lindsay | $107.8M |
| Apr 26, 2024 | Republic Bank | $5.87B |
Most recent mergers & acquisitions
| Date | Acquired | Acquirer |
|---|---|---|
| Oct 22, 2026 | Great Horizons Federal Credit Union | Tech Credit Union |
| Oct 10, 2026 | Midland Community Bank | United Community Bank |
| Oct 10, 2026 | The Hicksville Bank | Interra Credit Union |
| Oct 10, 2026 | Midland Bancshares, Inc. | United Community Bancorp, Inc. |
| Oct 8, 2026 | Asb Management Corp | Alliance Bancshares, Inc. |
| Oct 8, 2026 | Anna State Bank | Alliance Bank |
| Oct 6, 2026 | Foundation First Corporation | First Gothenburg Bancshares, Inc. |
| Oct 3, 2026 | First Southern Bank | Community First Credit Union of Florida |
| Oct 2, 2026 | Androscoggin Bancorp, MHC | Clearnorth Financial Mutual Holding Company |
| Oct 1, 2026 | Dallas Capital Bank, National Association | MidFirst Bank |
View all 41,157 mergers › · Bank mergers 2026 · Browse by acquirer
Most recent enforcement actions
| Action date | Agency | Institution | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 13, 2026 | OCC | BANK OF AMERICA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | Civil Money Penalty (CMP): Bank of America, National Association |
| Oct 8, 2026 | SEC_8K | AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY | 8-K Item 7.01: civil money penalty |
| Oct 8, 2026 | OCC | AMERICAN EXPRESS NATIONAL BANK | Civil Money Penalty (CMP): American Express National Bank |
| Oct 8, 2026 | OCC | AMERICAN EXPRESS NATIONAL BANK | Cease-and-Desist Order (C&D) or Personal Cease-and-Desist Order (PC&D): American Express National Bank |
| Oct 8, 2026 | FRB | AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES COMPANY, INC. | Cease and Desist Order: American Express Company, New York, New York; American Express Travel … |
| Sep 29, 2026 | OCC | FIFTH THIRD BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | Prohibition/Removal Orders: Hamblin, Jennifer |
| Sep 25, 2026 | FDIC | (individual) | FDIC Publishes August Enforcement Actions |
| Sep 24, 2026 Released Oct 2, 2026 | FRB | ONTARIO BANCORPORATION, INC. | Written Agreement: Ontario Bancorporation, Inc., Ontario, Wisconsin |
| Sep 18, 2026 | OCC | FIRST FEDERAL COMMUNITY BANK OF BUCYRUS | 1829 Prohibition Notification: Stuckman, Cassie |
| Sep 17, 2026 | OCC | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | 1829 Prohibition Notification: Anand, Shan |
Activity by year (most recent 20)
| Year | Failures | Mergers | Enforcement | Assistance | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 6 | 368 | 118 | 0 | 492 |
| 2025 | 2 | 433 | 144 | 0 | 579 |
| 2024 | 2 | 314 | 222 | 0 | 538 |
| 2023 | 5 | 363 | 143 | 0 | 511 |
| 2022 | 0 | 432 | 142 | 0 | 574 |
| 2021 | 0 | 437 | 125 | 0 | 562 |
| 2020 | 4 | 437 | 168 | 0 | 609 |
| 2019 | 4 | 547 | 151 | 0 | 702 |
| 2018 | 0 | 643 | 199 | 0 | 842 |
| 2017 | 8 | 608 | 191 | 0 | 807 |
| 2016 | 5 | 655 | 211 | 0 | 871 |
| 2015 | 8 | 766 | 200 | 0 | 974 |
| 2014 | 18 | 704 | 205 | 0 | 927 |
| 2013 | 24 | 646 | 258 | 0 | 928 |
| 2012 | 51 | 612 | 335 | 0 | 998 |
| 2011 | 92 | 547 | 574 | 0 | 1,213 |
| 2010 | 157 | 502 | 876 | 0 | 1,535 |
| 2009 | 140 | 566 | 772 | 8 | 1,486 |
| 2008 | 25 | 804 | 343 | 5 | 1,177 |
| 2007 | 3 | 810 | 255 | 0 | 1,068 |
Sources: FDIC Failed Banks list (failures); Federal Reserve National Information Center (mergers/transformations); OCC, FDIC, Federal Reserve, and OTS public enforcement records plus SEC Form 8-K disclosures (enforcement). Mergers counted here involve a bank, credit union or bank holding company. Data refreshes quarterly; the most recent failure event is from Sep 2026.
Per-bank event timelines are available on every bank profile page. Browse by year ( 2026, 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022 ) or by state (Texas, California, Florida, Illinois, New York).